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Shelta
Shelta 〔Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student's Handbook'', Edinburgh〕 is a language spoken by Irish Travellers, particularly in Ireland, but also parts of Great Britain.〔McArthur, T. (ed.) ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (1992) Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-214183-X〕 It is widely known as the Cant, to its native speakers in Ireland as Gammon, and to the linguistic community as Shelta.〔 ISBN 0-85389-832-4〕 It was often used as a cryptolect to exclude outsiders from comprehending conversations between Travellers,〔 although this aspect is frequently over-emphasised.〔 but ''Ethnologue'' puts the number of speakers at 6,000 in the Republic of Ireland, 30,000 in the UK (including Northern Ireland), and 50,000 in the US. The figure for at least the UK is dated to 1990; it is not clear if the other figures are from the same source.〔
Linguistically Shelta is today seen as a mixed language that stems from a community of travelling people in Ireland that was originally predominantly Irish-speaking. The community later went through a period of widespread bilingualism that resulted in a language based heavily on Hiberno-English with heavy influences from Irish.〔 Speakers of the language also refer to it as ''(the) Cant'',〔 ''Gammon''〔〔
Variants of the above names and additional names include: ''Bog Latin'',〔 ''Caintíotar'', ''Gammon'',〔Dolan, Terence Patrick (ed.) ''A Dictionary of Hiberno-English'' (2004) Gill & MacMillan ISBN 0-7171-3535-7〕 ''Sheldru'',〔 ''Shelter'',〔 ''Shelteroch'',〔 ''Pavee'', ''the Ould Thing'',〔 ''Tinker's Cant''.〔
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